A Real-Time Approach to Process Control, 2nd Edition

This text is organized into a framework that provides relevant theory, along with a series of hands-on workshops that employ computer simulations that test and allow for exploration of the theory. 

• Chapter 1 provides a historical overview of the field.
• Chapter 2 introduces the very important and often overlooked topic of instrumentation. 
• Chapter 3 we ground the reader in some of the basics of single input – single output systems. Feedback control, the elements of control loops, system dynamics including capacitance and dead time, and system modelling are introduced here. 
• Chapter 4 highlights the various PID control modes and provides a framework for understanding control-loop design and tuning. 
• Chapter 5 focuses specifically on tuning. Armed with an understanding of feedback control, control loop structures, and tuning. 
• Chapter 6 introduces some more advanced control configurations including feed-forward, cascade, and override control. 
• Chapter 7 provides some practical rules of thumb for designing and tuning the more common control loops found in industry.
• Chapter 8 we tackle a more complex control problem: the control of distillation columns. As with the rest of this text, a combination of theory and applied methodology is used to provide a practical treatment to this complex topic.
• Chapter 9 introduces the concept of multiple loop controllers.
• Chapter 10 we take a look at some of the important issues relating to the plant-wide control problem. Finally, up-to-date information on computer simulation for the workshops can be found on the book website.

Although this text is designed as an introductory course on process control for senior university students in the chemical engineering curriculum, we believe this text will serve as a valuable desk reference for practising chemical engineers and as a text for technical colleges.

We believe the era of real-time, simulation-based instruction of chemical process control has arrived. We hope you’ll agree! We wish you every success as you begin to learn more about this exciting and ever changing field. Your comments on and suggestions for improving this textbook are most welcome.

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Working Guide to Process Equipment, 3rd Edition

Diagnose and Troubleshoot Problems in Chemical Process Equipment with This Updated Classic

Chemical engineers and plant operators can rely on the Third Edition of A Working Guide to Process Equipment for the latest diagnostic tips, practical examples, and detailed illustrations for pinpointing trouble and correcting problems in chemical process equipment. This updated classic contains new chapters on Control Valves, Cooling Towers, Waste Heat Boilers, Catalytic Effects, Fundamental Concepts of Process Equipment, and Process Safety.

Filled with worked-out calculations, the book examines everything from trays, reboilers, instruments, air coolers, and steam turbines??¦to fired heaters, refrigeration systems, centrifugal pumps, separators, and compressors. The authors simplify complex issues and explain the technical issues needed to solve all kinds of equipment problems. Comprehensive and clear, the Third Edition of A Working Guide to Process Equipment features:

1. Guidance on diagnosing and troubleshooting process equipment problems.
2. Explanations of how theory applies to real-world equipment operations.
3. Many useful tips, examples, illustrations, and worked-out calculations.
4. New to this edition: Control Valves, Cooling Towers, Waste Heat Boilers, Catalytic Effects, and Process Safety

Inside this Renowned Guide to Solving Process Equipment Problems

• Trays
• Tower Pressure
• Distillation Towers
• Reboilers
• Instruments
• Packed Towers
• Steam and Condensate Systems
• Bubble Point and Dew Point
• Steam Strippers
• Draw-Off Nozzle Hydraulics
• Pumparounds and Tower Heat Flows
• Condensers and Tower Pressure Control
• Air Coolers
• Deaerators and Steam Systems
• Vacuum Systems
• Steam Turbines
• Surface Condensers
• Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
• Fire Heaters
• Refrigeration Systems
• Centrifugal Pumps
• Separators
• Compressors
• Safety
• Corrosion
• Fluid Flow
• Computer Modeling and Control
• Field Troubleshooting Process Problems

Working Guide to Process Equipment 3rd Edition by: Norman P. Lieberman
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional | Pages: 591 | 2008-04-17 | ISBN: 0071496742 | PDF | 2 MB

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Practical Process Control: Tuning and Troubleshooting

This book differs from others on the market in several respects. First, the presentation is totally in the time domain (the word "LaPlace" is nowhere to be found). The focus of the book is actually troubleshooting, not tuning. If a controller is "tunable", the tuning procedure will be straightforward and uneventful. But if a loop is "untunable", difficulties will be experienced, usually early in the tuning effort. The nature of any difficulty provides valuable clues to what is rendering the loop "untunable". For example, if reducing the controller gain leads to increased oscillations, one should look for possible interaction with one or more other loops. Tuning difficulties are always symptoms of other problems; effective troubleshooting involves recognizing the clues, identifying the root cause of the problem, and making corrections.

Wiley-Interscience | 2009-01-27 | ISBN: 0470381930 | 431 pages | PDF | 6,5 MB

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Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer

A completely updated edition of the acclaimed single-volume reference for heat transfer and the thermal sciences. This Second Edition of Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer covers the basic equations for numerical method calculations regarding heat transfer problems and applies these to problems encountered in aerospace, nuclear power, chemical processes, electronic packaging, and other related areas of mechanical engineering. As with the first edition, this complete revision presents comprehensive but accessible coverage of the necessary formulations, numerical schemes, and innovative solution techniques for solving problems of heat and mass transfer and related fluid flows.

Featuring contributions from some of the most prominent authorities in the field, articles are grouped by major sets of methods and functions, with the text describing new and improved, as well as standard, procedures. Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer, Second Edition includes:

• Updated coverage of parabolic systems, hyperbolic systems, integral-and integro-differential systems, Monte Carlo and perturbation methods, and inverse problems


• Usable computer programs that allow quick applications to aerospace, chemical, nuclear, and electronic packaging industries


• User-friendly nomenclature listings include all the symbols used in each chapter so that chapter-specific symbols are readily available

W. J. Minkowycz, E. M. Sparrow, J. Y. Murthy, "Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer"

Wiley | 2009 | ISBN: 0471348783 | 984 pages | PDF | 47,2 MB

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Physical Chemistry: Understanding our Chemical World

U nderstanding Physical Chemistry is a gentle introduction to the principles and applications of physical chemistry. The book aims to introduce the concepts and theories in a structured manner through a wide range of carefully chosen examples and case studies drawn from everyday life. These real-life examples and applications are presented first, with any necessary chemical and mathematical theory discussed afterwards. This makes the book extremely accessible and directly relevant to the reader. Aimed at undergraduate students taking a first course in physical chemistry, this book offers an accessible applications/examples led approach to enhance understanding and encourage and inspire the reader to learn more about the subject.

• A comprehensive introduction to physical chemistry starting from first principles.


• Carefully structured into short, self-contained chapters.


• Introduces examples and applications first, followed by the necessary chemical theory.

Paul M. S. Monk, Physical Chemistry: Understanding our Chemical World

Wiley | ISBN: 0471491810 | 2004-05-28 | 618 pages | PDF | 3.3 Mb

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Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons

C arl Yaws, a leading authority on chemical compounds in the chemical engineering field, has done it again. In his new book -- an essential volume for any chemist or chemical engineer's library -- he presents over 7,800 organic and inorganic chemicals, and hydrocarbons. Spanning gases, liquids and solids, and covering all critical properties (including acentric factor, density, enthalpy of vaporization, and surface tension), this volume represents more properties on more chemicals than any single work of its kind, from C1 to C100 organics and Ac to Zr inorganics. This highly recommended handbook was designed and formatted for field, lab or classroom usage, and gives the reader unparalleled access to invaluable data.

Thermophysical properties for more than 7,800 chemicals and hydrocarbons are presented in this book for temperature dependent properties. Values for enthalpy of vaporization at normal boiling point are provided for more than 22,000 compounds. The comprehensive coverage includes C1 to C100 organics and Ac to Zr inorganics.

The property data are helpful in many engineering and scientific applications:

• Molecular formula - indicates size of molecule, determine groups for group contribution methods to estimate thermodynamic properties.
• Name - identification of compound, helpful in locating safety regulations.
• ***In the tables, an asterisk (*) beside the name of a compound signifies that the name has been shortened to fit the format of the table. To see the full name, refer to the compound by CAS or ID number in chapter one.
• CAS No - Chemical Abstracts Registry Number, useful in specifying compound, helpful in finding MSDS data and locating manufacturers on web.
• Freezing point - useful to determine state at normal conditions - gas, liquid, or solid, helpful in specifying containers for storage and shipping.
• Boiling point - helpful in ascertaining temperatures required for vaporization in process operations, determine separation by distillation, characterize general volatility characteristics.
• Critical temperature - useful in corresponding state correlations for thermodynamic and transport properties.
• Critical pressure - helpful in corresponding state correlations for thermodynamic and transport properties.
• Acentric factor - useful in corresponding state correlations for thermodynamic and transport properties.
• Critical volume - helpful in corresponding state correlations.
• Critical density - useful in corresponding state correlations.
• Critical compressibility factor - helpful in corresponding state correlations.
• Density of liquid - useful in design of storage vessels and shipping containers, useful in many engineering applications involving liquids, helpful in relief valve sizing for safety.
• Density of solid - helpful in design of storage vessels and shipping containers.
• Enthalpy of vaporization - useful in design of vaporizers and condensers, engineering applications involving saturated liquids and vapors, safety engineering such as ascertaining vaporization quantities from vessel rupture.
• Enthalpy of fusion - useful in energy balance calculations.
• Solubility parameter - helpful in vapor-liquid-equilibrium calculations.
• Liquid volume - useful in engineering calculations involving liquids.
• Van der waals area and volume - helpful in molecular thermodynamics.
• Radius of gyration - useful in molecular thermodynamics.
• Dipole moment - helpful in corresponding state correlations for polar compounds.
• Surface tension - useful in heat and mass transfer correlations.

Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons

Publisher:William Andrew Publishing | ISBN: 0815515960 | 2008-06-23 | 800 pages | 104 MB | PDF | Rapidshare&Hotfile

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Simulation of Industrial Processes for Control Engineers

C omputer simulation is the key to comprehending and controlling the full-scale industrial plant used in the chemical, oil, gas and electrical power industries. Simulation of Industrial Processes for Control Engineers shows how to use the laws of physics and chemistry to produce the equations to simulate dynamically all the most important unit operations found in process and power plant. The book explains how to model chemical reactors, nuclear reactors, distillation columns, boilers, deaerators, refrigeration vessels, storage vessels for liquids and gases, liquid and gas flow through pipes and pipe networks, liquid and gas flow through installed control valves, control valve dynamics (including nonlinear effects such as static friction), oil and gas pipelines, heat exchangers, steam and gas turbines, compressors and pumps, as well as process controllers (including three methods of integral desaturation).

The phenomenon of markedly different time responses ("stiffness") is considered and various ways are presented to get around the potential problem of slow execution time. The book demonstrates how linearization may be used to give a diverse check on the correctness of the as-programmed model and explains how formal techniques of model validation may be used to produce a quantitative check on the simulation model's overall validity.

The material is based on many years' experience of modelling and simulation in the chemical and power industries, supplemented in recent years by university teaching at the undergraduate and postgraduate level. Several important new results are presented. The depth is sufficient to allow real industrial problems to be solved, thus making the book attractive to engineers working in industry. But the book's step-by-step approach makes the text appropriate also for post-graduate students of control engineering and for undergraduate students in electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering who are studying process control in their second year or later.

Philip J Thomas, "Simulation of Industrial Processes for Control Engineers "

Butterworth-Heinemann | 1999-07-28 | ISBN: 0750641614 | 390 pages | PDF | 24.2 Mb

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Mathematical Modeling Approaches for Optimization of Chemical Processes

M athematical modelling is a powerful tool for solving optimisation problems in chemical engineering. In this work several models are proposed aimed at helping to make decisions about different aspects of the processes lifecycle, from the synthesis and design steps up to the operation and scheduling. Using an example of the Sugar Cane industry, several models are formulated and solved in order to assess the trade-offs involved in optimisation decisions. Thus, the power and versatility of mathematical modelling in the area of chemical processes optimisation is analysed and evaluated.

Gabriela Corsano, Jorge M. Montagna, Oscar A. Iribarren, "Mathematical Modeling Approaches for Optimization of Chemical Processes"

Nova Science Publishers 2009 | ISBN-10: 1604569425 | 91 Pages | PDF | 1 MB

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Food Process Modeling and Control: Chemical Engineering Applications

F undamental techniques of mathematical modeling of processes essential to the food industry are explained in this text. Instead of concentrating on detailed theoretical analysis and mathematical derivations, important mathematical prerequisites are presented in summary tables. Readers' attention is focused on understanding modeling techniques, rather than the finer mathematical points. Topics covered include modeling of transport phenomena, kinetic processes, and food engineering operations. Statistical process analysis and quality control as applied to the food industry are also discussed.

The book's main feature is the large number of worked examples presented throughout. Included are examples from almost every conceivable food process, most of which are based on real data given in the many references. Each example is followed by a clear, step- by-step worked solution.

Food Process Modeling and Control: Chemical Engineering Applications

By Mustafa Ozilgen

Publisher: CRC | 1998 | 536 Pages | ISBN: 9056991434 | PDF | 115.14 MB

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Scale-Up in Chemical Engineering

O vering the important task of the scale-up of processes from the laboratory to the production scale, this easily comprehensible and transparent book is divided into two sections. The first part details the theoretical principles, introducing the subject for readers without a profound prior knowledge of mathematics. It discusses the fundamentals of dimensional analysis, the treatment of temperature-dependent and rheological material values and scale-up where model systems or not available or only partly similar. All this is illustrated by 20 real-world examples, while 25 exercises plus solutions new to this edition practice and monitor learning.

Scale-up in Chemical Engineering

Publisher: Wiley | Pages: 296 | 2006-03-31 | ISBN: 3527314210 | PDF | 2 MB

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Food Plant Design

A lthough chemical engineering and food technology are subject areas closely related to food processing systems and food plant design, coverage of the design of food plants is often sporadic and inadequately addressed in food technology and engineering books. Some books have attempted to treat food engineering from this dual point of view but, most have not achieved balanced coverage of the two. Focusing on food processing, rather than chemical plants, Food Plant Design presents precise design details with photos and drawings of different types of food processing plants, including food processing systems, refrigeration and steam systems, conveying systems, and buildings. The authors discuss the subject in an ordered format that gives you the tools to produce food products with minimum cost. Including modeling procedures for food processing systems and auxiliary systems, they elucidate synthesis techniques and procedures. Using a clear structure for different levels of information and data on different food processing alternatives, the book outlines solutions to plant design problems in the context of overall optimization of an agro-industrial system and corresponding food chain. It provides the work procedures and techniques for solving the design problems of a food processing plant and in making a defined food product.

Food Plant Design (Food Science and Technology): Antonio Lopez-Gomez, Gustavo V. Barbosa-Canovas,

CRC | ISBN: 1574446029 | 2005-05-06 | PDF (OCR) | 416 pages | 20.0 Mb

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Material and Energy Balancing in the Process Industries, Volume 7: From Microscopic Balances to Large Plants

T he book is directed to chemical engineers, plant designers, technologists, information technology managers, control engineers and instrumentation engineers in process industries. Major areas of applications are process industries and energy production, such as oil refining, natural gas processing, petrochemistry, chemical industries, mineral processing and utility production and distribution systems. University students and teachers of chemical engineering and control will also find the book invaluable.

The major areas addressed are:

- single- and multi-component balancing

- energy balance

- entropy and exergy (availability) balances

- solvability of balancing problems

- balancing with data reconciliation

- dynamic balancing

- measurement design and optimisation

- regular balancing of large industrial systems.

Material and Energy Balancing in the Process Industries, Volume 7: From Microscopic Balances to Large Plants by V.V. Veverka

Publisher: Elsevier Science; 1 edition (January 29, 1997) | ISBN: 044482409X | Pages: 648 | PDF | 25.5 MB

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Process Plant Simulation: includes CD-ROM

T he book is divided into five parts. A brief introduction to process synthesis, process analysis, and optimization is followed by the presentation of process plant simulation as a subject in Chapter 1. Subsequently, Part I gives an overview of modelling aspects in Chapter 2, and the classification of mathematical modelling in Chapter 3.

Part II discusses chemical systems modelling in four chapters: modelling mass-transfer systems in Chapter 4, heat-transfer systems in Chapter 5, and fluid mechanics and reaction engineering systems in Chapters 6 and 7, respectively. Apart from focusing on modelling various chemical engineering systems, various mathematical techniques to be used for solutions of the models proposed (such as algebraic equations, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, finite difference equations, Laplace transformations, solution by series, etc.) have also been dealt with.

Part III deals with the treatment of experimental results, wherein error propagation and data-regression techniques (Chapter 8) are discussed in detail.

Part IV focuses on traditional optimization techniques (analytical methods, Lagrangian multiplier method for constraint optimization, gradient methods such as steepest descent and sequential simplex methods, etc.) in Chapter 9, and non-traditional optimization techniques (such as simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, differential evolution, evolutionary strategies, etc.) in Chapter 10.

Finally, Part V, consisting of five chapters, gives a detailed overview .of all aspects related to simulation. Chapter 1 1 covers the modular and equation-solving approaches. Chapter 12 deals with the decomposition of networks and the various associated tearing algorithms available in literature. Chapter 13 covers convergence promotion and the physical and thermodynamic properties. Chapter 14 discusses case studies on specificpurpose simulation and dynamic simulation. Chapter 15 gives an overview of two most widely used professional software packages, namely, HYSIS of HyproTech and FLUENT, and demonstrates the step-by-step procedure of solving problems using these software packages.

B. V. Babu, "Process Plant Simulation: includes CD-ROM"

Oxford University Press | 2004 | ISBN: 0195668057 | 556 pages | PDF | 42,2 MB

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Biofuels for Road Transport: A Seed to Wheel Perspective

B iofuels for Road Transport: A Seed to Wheel Perspective provides a review of the history, the current status and perspectives for biofuels used in road transport, across the full ‘seed-to-wheel’ life cycle of these fuels. Successive chapters cover the history of biofuels; the first- and second-generation liquid fuels and biofuels for powering electric vehicles; fossil fuel replacement, land requirement, greenhouse gas balances and environmental burdens of ethanol, esters derived from fatty acids (‘biodiesel’), Fischer-Tropsch diesel and HTU diesel; competing technologies (fossil fuels, increases in energy-efficiency and photovoltaic power) and how they compare to biofuels; and the perspectives for biofuels. Cost, availability, technological development, competition with biomass for food and for soil organic carbon and environmental perspectives are also discussed.

Biofuels for Road Transport: A Seed to Wheel Perspective is a valuable reference for professional engineers, researchers and postgraduate students involved in biofuels, renewable energy (including bioenergy) and the automotive industry.

L. Reijnders, M.A.J. Huijbregts “Biofuels for Road Transport: A Seed to Wheel Perspective"

Springer | 2009-01-12 | ISBN: 1848821379 | 170 pages | PDF | 1,3 MB

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Biofuels: Securing the Planets Future Energy Needs (Green Energy and Technology)

B iofuel is a renewable energy source produced from natural (biobased) materials, which can be used as a substitute for petroleum fuels. The benefits of biofuels over traditional fuels include greater energy security, reduced environmental impact, foreign exchange savings, and socioeconomic issues related to the rural sector. Furthermore, biofuel technology is relevant to both developing and industrialized countries. For these reasons, the share of biofuels in the automotive fuel market is expected to grow rapidly over the next decade.

The most common biofuels, such as ethanol from corn, wheat or sugar beet and biodiesel from oil seeds, are produced from classic food crops that require high-quality agricultural land for growth. However, bioethanol is a petrol additive/substitute that can be produced from plentiful, domestic, cellulosic biomass resources such as herbaceous and woody plants, agricultural and forestry residues, and a large portion of municipal and industrial solid waste streams. Production of bioethanol from biomass is one way to reduce both the consumption of crude oil and environmental pollution. There is also a growing interest in the use of vegetable oils for making biodiesel, which is less polluting than conventional petroleum diesel fuel.

Biofuels: Securing the Planet’s Future Energy Needs discusses the production of transportation fuels from biomass (such as wood, straw and even household waste) by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The book is an important text for undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in energy engineering, as well as professional fuel engineers.

Biofuels: Securing the Planets Future Energy Needs (Green Energy and Technology)

Springer | ISBN:1848820100 | 2008-11-26 | PDF | 336 pages | 3 Mb

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