A Real-Time Approach to Process Control, 2nd Edition

This text is organized into a framework that provides relevant theory, along with a series of hands-on workshops that employ computer simulations that test and allow for exploration of the theory. 

• Chapter 1 provides a historical overview of the field.
• Chapter 2 introduces the very important and often overlooked topic of instrumentation. 
• Chapter 3 we ground the reader in some of the basics of single input – single output systems. Feedback control, the elements of control loops, system dynamics including capacitance and dead time, and system modelling are introduced here. 
• Chapter 4 highlights the various PID control modes and provides a framework for understanding control-loop design and tuning. 
• Chapter 5 focuses specifically on tuning. Armed with an understanding of feedback control, control loop structures, and tuning. 
• Chapter 6 introduces some more advanced control configurations including feed-forward, cascade, and override control. 
• Chapter 7 provides some practical rules of thumb for designing and tuning the more common control loops found in industry.
• Chapter 8 we tackle a more complex control problem: the control of distillation columns. As with the rest of this text, a combination of theory and applied methodology is used to provide a practical treatment to this complex topic.
• Chapter 9 introduces the concept of multiple loop controllers.
• Chapter 10 we take a look at some of the important issues relating to the plant-wide control problem. Finally, up-to-date information on computer simulation for the workshops can be found on the book website.

Although this text is designed as an introductory course on process control for senior university students in the chemical engineering curriculum, we believe this text will serve as a valuable desk reference for practising chemical engineers and as a text for technical colleges.

We believe the era of real-time, simulation-based instruction of chemical process control has arrived. We hope you’ll agree! We wish you every success as you begin to learn more about this exciting and ever changing field. Your comments on and suggestions for improving this textbook are most welcome.

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Working Guide to Process Equipment, 3rd Edition

Diagnose and Troubleshoot Problems in Chemical Process Equipment with This Updated Classic

Chemical engineers and plant operators can rely on the Third Edition of A Working Guide to Process Equipment for the latest diagnostic tips, practical examples, and detailed illustrations for pinpointing trouble and correcting problems in chemical process equipment. This updated classic contains new chapters on Control Valves, Cooling Towers, Waste Heat Boilers, Catalytic Effects, Fundamental Concepts of Process Equipment, and Process Safety.

Filled with worked-out calculations, the book examines everything from trays, reboilers, instruments, air coolers, and steam turbines??¦to fired heaters, refrigeration systems, centrifugal pumps, separators, and compressors. The authors simplify complex issues and explain the technical issues needed to solve all kinds of equipment problems. Comprehensive and clear, the Third Edition of A Working Guide to Process Equipment features:

1. Guidance on diagnosing and troubleshooting process equipment problems.
2. Explanations of how theory applies to real-world equipment operations.
3. Many useful tips, examples, illustrations, and worked-out calculations.
4. New to this edition: Control Valves, Cooling Towers, Waste Heat Boilers, Catalytic Effects, and Process Safety

Inside this Renowned Guide to Solving Process Equipment Problems

• Trays
• Tower Pressure
• Distillation Towers
• Reboilers
• Instruments
• Packed Towers
• Steam and Condensate Systems
• Bubble Point and Dew Point
• Steam Strippers
• Draw-Off Nozzle Hydraulics
• Pumparounds and Tower Heat Flows
• Condensers and Tower Pressure Control
• Air Coolers
• Deaerators and Steam Systems
• Vacuum Systems
• Steam Turbines
• Surface Condensers
• Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
• Fire Heaters
• Refrigeration Systems
• Centrifugal Pumps
• Separators
• Compressors
• Safety
• Corrosion
• Fluid Flow
• Computer Modeling and Control
• Field Troubleshooting Process Problems

Working Guide to Process Equipment 3rd Edition by: Norman P. Lieberman
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional | Pages: 591 | 2008-04-17 | ISBN: 0071496742 | PDF | 2 MB

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Practical Process Control: Tuning and Troubleshooting

This book differs from others on the market in several respects. First, the presentation is totally in the time domain (the word "LaPlace" is nowhere to be found). The focus of the book is actually troubleshooting, not tuning. If a controller is "tunable", the tuning procedure will be straightforward and uneventful. But if a loop is "untunable", difficulties will be experienced, usually early in the tuning effort. The nature of any difficulty provides valuable clues to what is rendering the loop "untunable". For example, if reducing the controller gain leads to increased oscillations, one should look for possible interaction with one or more other loops. Tuning difficulties are always symptoms of other problems; effective troubleshooting involves recognizing the clues, identifying the root cause of the problem, and making corrections.

Wiley-Interscience | 2009-01-27 | ISBN: 0470381930 | 431 pages | PDF | 6,5 MB

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Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer

A completely updated edition of the acclaimed single-volume reference for heat transfer and the thermal sciences. This Second Edition of Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer covers the basic equations for numerical method calculations regarding heat transfer problems and applies these to problems encountered in aerospace, nuclear power, chemical processes, electronic packaging, and other related areas of mechanical engineering. As with the first edition, this complete revision presents comprehensive but accessible coverage of the necessary formulations, numerical schemes, and innovative solution techniques for solving problems of heat and mass transfer and related fluid flows.

Featuring contributions from some of the most prominent authorities in the field, articles are grouped by major sets of methods and functions, with the text describing new and improved, as well as standard, procedures. Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer, Second Edition includes:

• Updated coverage of parabolic systems, hyperbolic systems, integral-and integro-differential systems, Monte Carlo and perturbation methods, and inverse problems


• Usable computer programs that allow quick applications to aerospace, chemical, nuclear, and electronic packaging industries


• User-friendly nomenclature listings include all the symbols used in each chapter so that chapter-specific symbols are readily available

W. J. Minkowycz, E. M. Sparrow, J. Y. Murthy, "Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer"

Wiley | 2009 | ISBN: 0471348783 | 984 pages | PDF | 47,2 MB

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Physical Chemistry: Understanding our Chemical World

U nderstanding Physical Chemistry is a gentle introduction to the principles and applications of physical chemistry. The book aims to introduce the concepts and theories in a structured manner through a wide range of carefully chosen examples and case studies drawn from everyday life. These real-life examples and applications are presented first, with any necessary chemical and mathematical theory discussed afterwards. This makes the book extremely accessible and directly relevant to the reader. Aimed at undergraduate students taking a first course in physical chemistry, this book offers an accessible applications/examples led approach to enhance understanding and encourage and inspire the reader to learn more about the subject.

• A comprehensive introduction to physical chemistry starting from first principles.


• Carefully structured into short, self-contained chapters.


• Introduces examples and applications first, followed by the necessary chemical theory.

Paul M. S. Monk, Physical Chemistry: Understanding our Chemical World

Wiley | ISBN: 0471491810 | 2004-05-28 | 618 pages | PDF | 3.3 Mb

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Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons

C arl Yaws, a leading authority on chemical compounds in the chemical engineering field, has done it again. In his new book -- an essential volume for any chemist or chemical engineer's library -- he presents over 7,800 organic and inorganic chemicals, and hydrocarbons. Spanning gases, liquids and solids, and covering all critical properties (including acentric factor, density, enthalpy of vaporization, and surface tension), this volume represents more properties on more chemicals than any single work of its kind, from C1 to C100 organics and Ac to Zr inorganics. This highly recommended handbook was designed and formatted for field, lab or classroom usage, and gives the reader unparalleled access to invaluable data.

Thermophysical properties for more than 7,800 chemicals and hydrocarbons are presented in this book for temperature dependent properties. Values for enthalpy of vaporization at normal boiling point are provided for more than 22,000 compounds. The comprehensive coverage includes C1 to C100 organics and Ac to Zr inorganics.

The property data are helpful in many engineering and scientific applications:

• Molecular formula - indicates size of molecule, determine groups for group contribution methods to estimate thermodynamic properties.
• Name - identification of compound, helpful in locating safety regulations.
• ***In the tables, an asterisk (*) beside the name of a compound signifies that the name has been shortened to fit the format of the table. To see the full name, refer to the compound by CAS or ID number in chapter one.
• CAS No - Chemical Abstracts Registry Number, useful in specifying compound, helpful in finding MSDS data and locating manufacturers on web.
• Freezing point - useful to determine state at normal conditions - gas, liquid, or solid, helpful in specifying containers for storage and shipping.
• Boiling point - helpful in ascertaining temperatures required for vaporization in process operations, determine separation by distillation, characterize general volatility characteristics.
• Critical temperature - useful in corresponding state correlations for thermodynamic and transport properties.
• Critical pressure - helpful in corresponding state correlations for thermodynamic and transport properties.
• Acentric factor - useful in corresponding state correlations for thermodynamic and transport properties.
• Critical volume - helpful in corresponding state correlations.
• Critical density - useful in corresponding state correlations.
• Critical compressibility factor - helpful in corresponding state correlations.
• Density of liquid - useful in design of storage vessels and shipping containers, useful in many engineering applications involving liquids, helpful in relief valve sizing for safety.
• Density of solid - helpful in design of storage vessels and shipping containers.
• Enthalpy of vaporization - useful in design of vaporizers and condensers, engineering applications involving saturated liquids and vapors, safety engineering such as ascertaining vaporization quantities from vessel rupture.
• Enthalpy of fusion - useful in energy balance calculations.
• Solubility parameter - helpful in vapor-liquid-equilibrium calculations.
• Liquid volume - useful in engineering calculations involving liquids.
• Van der waals area and volume - helpful in molecular thermodynamics.
• Radius of gyration - useful in molecular thermodynamics.
• Dipole moment - helpful in corresponding state correlations for polar compounds.
• Surface tension - useful in heat and mass transfer correlations.

Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons

Publisher:William Andrew Publishing | ISBN: 0815515960 | 2008-06-23 | 800 pages | 104 MB | PDF | Rapidshare&Hotfile

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Simulation of Industrial Processes for Control Engineers

C omputer simulation is the key to comprehending and controlling the full-scale industrial plant used in the chemical, oil, gas and electrical power industries. Simulation of Industrial Processes for Control Engineers shows how to use the laws of physics and chemistry to produce the equations to simulate dynamically all the most important unit operations found in process and power plant. The book explains how to model chemical reactors, nuclear reactors, distillation columns, boilers, deaerators, refrigeration vessels, storage vessels for liquids and gases, liquid and gas flow through pipes and pipe networks, liquid and gas flow through installed control valves, control valve dynamics (including nonlinear effects such as static friction), oil and gas pipelines, heat exchangers, steam and gas turbines, compressors and pumps, as well as process controllers (including three methods of integral desaturation).

The phenomenon of markedly different time responses ("stiffness") is considered and various ways are presented to get around the potential problem of slow execution time. The book demonstrates how linearization may be used to give a diverse check on the correctness of the as-programmed model and explains how formal techniques of model validation may be used to produce a quantitative check on the simulation model's overall validity.

The material is based on many years' experience of modelling and simulation in the chemical and power industries, supplemented in recent years by university teaching at the undergraduate and postgraduate level. Several important new results are presented. The depth is sufficient to allow real industrial problems to be solved, thus making the book attractive to engineers working in industry. But the book's step-by-step approach makes the text appropriate also for post-graduate students of control engineering and for undergraduate students in electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering who are studying process control in their second year or later.

Philip J Thomas, "Simulation of Industrial Processes for Control Engineers "

Butterworth-Heinemann | 1999-07-28 | ISBN: 0750641614 | 390 pages | PDF | 24.2 Mb

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Mathematical Modeling Approaches for Optimization of Chemical Processes

M athematical modelling is a powerful tool for solving optimisation problems in chemical engineering. In this work several models are proposed aimed at helping to make decisions about different aspects of the processes lifecycle, from the synthesis and design steps up to the operation and scheduling. Using an example of the Sugar Cane industry, several models are formulated and solved in order to assess the trade-offs involved in optimisation decisions. Thus, the power and versatility of mathematical modelling in the area of chemical processes optimisation is analysed and evaluated.

Gabriela Corsano, Jorge M. Montagna, Oscar A. Iribarren, "Mathematical Modeling Approaches for Optimization of Chemical Processes"

Nova Science Publishers 2009 | ISBN-10: 1604569425 | 91 Pages | PDF | 1 MB

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Food Process Modeling and Control: Chemical Engineering Applications

F undamental techniques of mathematical modeling of processes essential to the food industry are explained in this text. Instead of concentrating on detailed theoretical analysis and mathematical derivations, important mathematical prerequisites are presented in summary tables. Readers' attention is focused on understanding modeling techniques, rather than the finer mathematical points. Topics covered include modeling of transport phenomena, kinetic processes, and food engineering operations. Statistical process analysis and quality control as applied to the food industry are also discussed.

The book's main feature is the large number of worked examples presented throughout. Included are examples from almost every conceivable food process, most of which are based on real data given in the many references. Each example is followed by a clear, step- by-step worked solution.

Food Process Modeling and Control: Chemical Engineering Applications

By Mustafa Ozilgen

Publisher: CRC | 1998 | 536 Pages | ISBN: 9056991434 | PDF | 115.14 MB

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Scale-Up in Chemical Engineering

O vering the important task of the scale-up of processes from the laboratory to the production scale, this easily comprehensible and transparent book is divided into two sections. The first part details the theoretical principles, introducing the subject for readers without a profound prior knowledge of mathematics. It discusses the fundamentals of dimensional analysis, the treatment of temperature-dependent and rheological material values and scale-up where model systems or not available or only partly similar. All this is illustrated by 20 real-world examples, while 25 exercises plus solutions new to this edition practice and monitor learning.

Scale-up in Chemical Engineering

Publisher: Wiley | Pages: 296 | 2006-03-31 | ISBN: 3527314210 | PDF | 2 MB

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