P hysical chemistry of macromolecules is a course that is frequently offered in the biochemistry curriculum of a college or university. Occasionally, it is also offered in the chemistry curriculum. When it is offered in the biochemistry curriculum, the subject matter is usually limited to biological topics and is identical to biophysical chemistry. When it is offered in the chemistry curriculum, the subject matter is often centered around synthetic polymers and the course is identical to physical polymer chemistry. Since the two disciplines are so closely related, students almost universally feel that something is missing when they take only biophysical chemistry or only physical polymer chemistry. This book emerges from the desire to combine the two courses into one by providing readers with the basic knowledge of both biophysical chemistry and physical polymer chemistry. It also serves a bridge between the academia and industry. The subject matter is basically academic, but its application is directly related to industry, particularly polymers and biotechnology.
This book contains seventeen chapters, which may be classified into three units, even though not explicitly stated. Unit 1 covers Chapters 1 through 5, unit 2 covers Chapters 6 through 12, and unit 3 covers Chapters 13 through 17. Since the materials are integrated, it is difficult to distinguish which chapters belong to biophysical chemistry and which chapters belong to polymer chemistry. Roughly speaking, unit 1 may be considered to consist of the core materials of polymer chemistry. Unit 2 contains materials belonging both to polymer chemistry and biophysical chemistry. Unit 3, which covers the structure of macromolecules and their separations, is relatively independent of units 1 and 2. These materials are important in advancing our knowledge of macro molecules, even though their use is not limited to macromolecules alone.The book begins with terms commonly used in polymer chemistry and biochemistry with respect to various substances, such as homopolymers, copolymers, condensation polymers, addition polymers, proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides (Chapter 1), followed by descriptions of the methods used to create these substances (Chapter 2). On the basis of classroom experience, Chapter 2 is a welcome introduction to students who have never been exposed to the basic methods of polymer and biopolymer syntheses. The first two chapters together comprise the essential background materials for this book.Chapter 3 introduces statistical methods used to deal with a variety of distribution of molecular weight. The problem of the distribution of molecular weight is characteristic of macromolecules, particularly the synthetic polymers, and the statistical methods are the tools used to solve the problem.
Originally Chapter 4 covered chain configurations and Chapter 5 covered macromolecular thermodynamics. Upon further reflection, the order was reversed. Now Chapter 4 on macromolecular thermodynamics is followed by Chapter 5 on chain configurations. This change was based on both pedagogical and chronological reasons. For over a generation (1940s to 1970s), Flory’s contributions have been considered the standard work in physical polymer chemistry. His work together with that of other investigators laid the foundations of our way of thinking about the behavior of polymers, particularly in solutions. It was not until the 1970s that Flory’s theories were challenged by research workers such as de Gennes. Currently, it is fair to say that de Gennes’ theory plays the dominant role in research.
In Chapter 4 the basic thermodynamic concepts such as w, y, c, and k that have made Flory’s name well known are introduced. Without some familiarity with these concepts, it would not be easy to follow the current thought as expounded by de Gennes in Chapter 5 (and later in Chapters 6 and 7). For both chapters sufficient background materials are provided either in the form of introductory remarks, such as the first section in Chapter 4 (a review of general thermodynamics), or in appendices, such as those on scaling concepts and correlation function in Chapter 5.
In Chapters 6 through 17, the subjects discussed are primarily experimental studies of macromolecules. Each chapter begins with a brief description of the experimental method, which, though by no means detailed, is sufficient for the reader to have a pertinent background. Each chapter ends with various theories that underlie the experimental work.
This book contains seventeen chapters, which may be classified into three units, even though not explicitly stated. Unit 1 covers Chapters 1 through 5, unit 2 covers Chapters 6 through 12, and unit 3 covers Chapters 13 through 17. Since the materials are integrated, it is difficult to distinguish which chapters belong to biophysical chemistry and which chapters belong to polymer chemistry. Roughly speaking, unit 1 may be considered to consist of the core materials of polymer chemistry. Unit 2 contains materials belonging both to polymer chemistry and biophysical chemistry. Unit 3, which covers the structure of macromolecules and their separations, is relatively independent of units 1 and 2. These materials are important in advancing our knowledge of macro molecules, even though their use is not limited to macromolecules alone.The book begins with terms commonly used in polymer chemistry and biochemistry with respect to various substances, such as homopolymers, copolymers, condensation polymers, addition polymers, proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides (Chapter 1), followed by descriptions of the methods used to create these substances (Chapter 2). On the basis of classroom experience, Chapter 2 is a welcome introduction to students who have never been exposed to the basic methods of polymer and biopolymer syntheses. The first two chapters together comprise the essential background materials for this book.Chapter 3 introduces statistical methods used to deal with a variety of distribution of molecular weight. The problem of the distribution of molecular weight is characteristic of macromolecules, particularly the synthetic polymers, and the statistical methods are the tools used to solve the problem.
Originally Chapter 4 covered chain configurations and Chapter 5 covered macromolecular thermodynamics. Upon further reflection, the order was reversed. Now Chapter 4 on macromolecular thermodynamics is followed by Chapter 5 on chain configurations. This change was based on both pedagogical and chronological reasons. For over a generation (1940s to 1970s), Flory’s contributions have been considered the standard work in physical polymer chemistry. His work together with that of other investigators laid the foundations of our way of thinking about the behavior of polymers, particularly in solutions. It was not until the 1970s that Flory’s theories were challenged by research workers such as de Gennes. Currently, it is fair to say that de Gennes’ theory plays the dominant role in research.
In Chapter 4 the basic thermodynamic concepts such as w, y, c, and k that have made Flory’s name well known are introduced. Without some familiarity with these concepts, it would not be easy to follow the current thought as expounded by de Gennes in Chapter 5 (and later in Chapters 6 and 7). For both chapters sufficient background materials are provided either in the form of introductory remarks, such as the first section in Chapter 4 (a review of general thermodynamics), or in appendices, such as those on scaling concepts and correlation function in Chapter 5.
In Chapters 6 through 17, the subjects discussed are primarily experimental studies of macromolecules. Each chapter begins with a brief description of the experimental method, which, though by no means detailed, is sufficient for the reader to have a pertinent background. Each chapter ends with various theories that underlie the experimental work.
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