T his book is devoted to distillation theory and its application. Distillation is the most universal separation technique. Industrial distillation consumes a considerable part of the world power output. The distillation theory enables one to minimize power and capital costs and thus opens up new ways of designing economical separation units. Themost important constituent of the distillation theory is the geometric approach, which reveals general rules governing the variation of component concentrations along the distillation column. In other words, it provides general rules for the arrangement of distillation trajectories in the so called concentration space, in which every point represents some mixture composition. A considerable part of the book is concerned with these general rules, which are used as the basis in developing newmethods and algorithms for the optimal design of separation units.
The geometric approach to distillation was put forward by the German scientists Ostwald and Schreinemakers in the early twentieth century. During the years that followed, it has been developed by scientists from various countries. However, until recently, the geometric approach found little use in the design of distillation units. The progress in this field was made by developing the pure computational approach, more specifically, ways of describing the liquid–vapor equilibriumand algorithms for solving sets of distillation equations. This approach has been fruitful: it has resulted in universal computer programs that enable one to design a distillation column (system) of any type for separation of any kind of mixture.However, the pure computational approach gives no answer to a number of fundamental questions that arise in the optimal design of distillation processes, particularly in the case of azeotropic distillation. These questions are the following: (1) What are the feasible separation products for a given mixture? In other words,what components can be present in or absent fromthe separation products?
(2)What minimum power is required to separate a given mixture into the desired components? (3)What minimum number of trays is necessary to separate a given mixture into the desired components at a fixed-power input? Answers to these questions have been provided only by a general geometric theory of distillation.
The geometric approach to distillation was put forward by the German scientists Ostwald and Schreinemakers in the early twentieth century. During the years that followed, it has been developed by scientists from various countries. However, until recently, the geometric approach found little use in the design of distillation units. The progress in this field was made by developing the pure computational approach, more specifically, ways of describing the liquid–vapor equilibriumand algorithms for solving sets of distillation equations. This approach has been fruitful: it has resulted in universal computer programs that enable one to design a distillation column (system) of any type for separation of any kind of mixture.However, the pure computational approach gives no answer to a number of fundamental questions that arise in the optimal design of distillation processes, particularly in the case of azeotropic distillation. These questions are the following: (1) What are the feasible separation products for a given mixture? In other words,what components can be present in or absent fromthe separation products?
(2)What minimum power is required to separate a given mixture into the desired components? (3)What minimum number of trays is necessary to separate a given mixture into the desired components at a fixed-power input? Answers to these questions have been provided only by a general geometric theory of distillation.
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